Yes, I am jumping ahead for this post.
The Fast of the Lord --- Isaiah 58 with Matthew 25
Take note of the key question in verse 2 of chapter 58. The biting phrase in the question is " as if they were a nation that practiced righteousness." Of course, they thought they were a godly people that practiced righteousness. Ritual, and sacrifices and worship attendance and fasting made up their definition of what practicing righteoousness consisted of. And observance of the purity laws likely rounded out their understanding of what a godly person did to put faith/ the covenant into practice.
The shocker of "The Fast of the Lord" prophecy is that compassion action to hurting humanity has taken first priority in God's definition of godly living. These ancient Hebrews were skipping meals, when what they needed to do was share their food. The Lord did not want them to do without, but rather by their sharing make sure others in dire poverty had food to eat.
Here the Almighty God needs nothing from human hands, but expects us to provide for others. The ancient conventional and zealous follower felt he or she had pleased the Holy One of Israel by the institutions of Temple, Temple worship with sacrifices, prayer and fasting. In this these ancient Jews were much like modern Christians, focusing upon the institutions and rituals of religion with practical compassionate action taking a second or third place in the list of spiritual duties.
"Not so," declares the Prophet Isaiah in emotionally intense poetry. The requirement of good practice is sharing, helping the hungry, the homeless.
Overall, "The Fast of the Lord' is one of the most emotionally powerful and important prophecies of all Scripture. The New Testament parallels are in two parables of Jesus and in the exhortations to practical acts of mercy in the little Book of James.
The Seperation of the Sheep from the Goats" parable (Matthew 25) matches Isaiah's "Fast of the Lord." Both Jesus and Isaiah refuse to define right living, godly living as religious ritual and conventional religious practice. At times it seems that Jesus feels that conventional organized religion gets in the way of
understanding the life that God smiles upon.
The parable of Lazurus diying at the rich man's gate is the other parable of Jesus that matches Isaiah's
Fast of the Lord prophecy. Food and practical help are the focus of Isaiah and Jesus. Both the parables of Jesus are stories of judgment. If we were missing the Gospel of John with its focus upon belief and if we were missing certain parts of the Apostle Paul's writing, then surely many Christian would believe that the road to hell was found by refusing to help the hungry, naked, and homeless. As it is, multiplied millions of believers would barely mention the judgment that could await the hard hearted who can allow the needy to
perish at their doorstep.
James, traditionally understood as the brother of Jesus, holds that faith that does not lead to practical acts of mercy must be dead. Perhaps we should understand dead here in the sense that a mule is reproductively dead, sterile. A sterile faith may assert many things that it claims to believe, but such sterile faith in Jame's sight is like the fear of devils and demons who tremble when they think of the Almighty Sacred Life. What kind of faith leaves life unchanged in selfishness and the refusal to share. It is not the faith that saves says James.